Brick Masonry Definition, Types, and Construction

Brick masonry is a time-tested and durable construction technique that has been used for centuries. It involves arranging bricks in mortar to create a solid structure capable of withstanding various loads.

In this blog post, we will explore the definition of brick masonry, different types of brickwork, the types of bricks used, the construction process, and important considerations for supervising brick masonry projects.

A. Brick Masonry Definition

Brick masonry is a construction method that involves placing bricks in mortar in a systematic manner to create a solid mass capable of withstanding exerted loads. The bond between the bricks is achieved by filling the joints with suitable mortar. The durability and performance of the masonry structure depend on the quality of the mortar used, making it crucial to practice caution during its mixing and placement.

B. Types of Brick Masonry Work

Brick Work in Mud:

• Mud is used to fill the joints in brick masonry.
• The thickness of mortar joints is typically 12 mm.
• This type of brickwork is the most affordable and is suitable for constructing walls with a maximum height of 4 m.

Brick Work in Cement:

Bricks are laid in cement mortar instead of mud.

There are three major classes of brickwork in cement:

a. First Class:

• Cement or lime mortar is used.
• The bricks have sharp surfaces and edges.
• The thickness of mortar joints does not exceed 10 mm.

b. Second Class:

• Ground-moulded bricks are used.
• Bricks have a rough and slightly irregular shape.
• The thickness of mortar joints is 12 mm.

c. Third Class:

• Bricks have a rough surface with a distorted shape.
• This class is used for temporary structures and in areas with light rainfall.

C. Types of Bricks

Several types of bricks are used in brick masonry construction, including:

1. Common Burnt Clay Bricks
2. Concrete Bricks
3. Sand Lime Bricks (Calcium Silicate Bricks)
4. Fly Ash Clay Bricks
5. Engineering Bricks
6. Other Brick Types (e.g., bullnose, channel, coping, cownose, and hollow bricks)

D. Brick Masonry Construction

To carry out brick masonry construction, certain materials and equipment are required, such as:

1. Mortar Mix or Mason Mix Bricks
2. Tape Measure
3. Hammer
4. Hose, Level, or Theodolite
5. Trowel Level
6. Wheelbarrow
7. Goggles
8. Jointer
9. Other equipment based on the project’s requirements and personal preferences.

E. Brick Masonry Construction Preparations

Before commencing brick masonry construction, it is essential to make the following preparations:

1. Check the ground level using a level, theodolite, or transparent hose level.
2. Set the layout of the structure.
3. Mark the building axis and wall alignment using gypsum powder, chalk, or a similar material.
4. Install the foundation wall and allow it to cure for a minimum of two days before starting brick masonry construction.
5. Distribute bricks in stacks across the project site to save time and effort later.
6. Wet the bricks a few hours prior to work to prevent excessive water absorption and improve adherence of bricks and mortar.

F. Brick Masonry Construction Procedure

The brick masonry construction process involves the following steps:

1. Mix the mortar with water until a smooth and plastic consistency is achieved.
2. Evenly spread the mortar along the foundation line using a trowel (a recommended thickness of 25 mm and one brick width).
3. Lay the first course of stretcher bricks in the mortar, starting with the second brick. Apply mortar to the head joint end of each brick and firmly place them to allow mortar to squeeze out of all sides of the joints.
4. Use a level to ensure the course is at the correct height and that the bricks are plumb and level.
5. Lay another mortar line beside the first course and start laying the second course.
6. Stagger the first two courses using half bricks for structural stability.
7. For the second course’s lead, lay three header bricks, ensuring they are plumb and level.
8. Repeat the pattern of brick laying until the desired height is reached, using stretcher bricks for the third and fifth courses and incorporating headers and stretchers in the fourth course. Use a level to maintain accuracy at each course.

G. Points Considered in Supervising Brick Masonry Constructions

When supervising brick masonry construction, it is crucial to consider the following points:

1. Use high-quality bricks.
2. Ensure the brick courses are perfectly horizontal.
3. Verify the verticality of the wall by frequently checking with a plumb-bob.
4. Leave the brick masonry with a toothed end when work is stopped.
5. Avoid the use of brick bats.
6. Limit raising walls by more than 1.5 m in one day.
7. Raise face joints to a depth of 12 to 20 mm for plastering or pointing purposes.
8. Regularly cure the brick masonry for two weeks.
9. Maintain a mortar joint thickness of 10 mm both horizontally and vertically.

 

Brick masonry is a robust construction technique that offers durability and structural integrity. By understanding the definition of brick masonry, various types of brickwork, the types of bricks used, the construction process, and important considerations, one can ensure the successful completion of brick masonry projects.

With proper supervision and adherence to best practices, brick masonry structures can stand the test of time, providing long-lasting beauty and strength.